(Our suggested observation no. 1; 20 October, 2021)

The Sun and Venus are at least seven billion years old. They emerged simultaneously from the primordial cloud of the Solar System. The Sun has gathered most of the mass of the primordial cloud into itself. Its little brother, the Andrea-star, has attracted most of the remaining mass to itself. From the small remainder of the mass of the primordial cloud, the primordial planets were formed. What fell into the centre of the mass of the whole system during the following billions of years formed into one of these primordial planets, Venus. This means that in reality in our Solar System is not Venus "dancing" around the Sun, but the Sun is "dancing" around Venus. We know all this from our Solar System prehistory.

I have presented several arguments for the correctness of this prehistory in my books, and also in the previous articles of this blog. But, still, a deeper need for a direct observation of this "dance" with "our own eyes" remains, doesn't it? Is such an observation possible? Yes, it is possible, and we discuss it here below. Already 20 years ago, when I first described this possibility, there were available numerous animation programmes of the planetary motion of our Solar System. I used one of them on my PC at the time. The reasoning behind it was the following.

If the Sun were in the centre of mass, we could see the Sun in the same point of the stellar background (the so-called fixed stars) year after year and Venus would appear quite regularly with its orbital period of 224.7 days somewhere on its orbit around the Sun. However, if Venus actually lies at the centre of the Solar System's mass, then the situation changes quite dramatically. We still define the terrestrial year according to the same principle as before; that is, the time interval between two moments when the Sun appears in the same point of the background from our point of view. Venus, however, does not care about our definition, of course. It makes the Sun dance around itself, once with the period of 224.7 days (because of the mass of the Sun itself) and the second time, with the period of 247.19 years (because of the mass of the Dark Companion, which is what I call the remnants of the Andrea-star that are not visible to our eyes). However, since every movement is to be understood relatively, we can also consider the dance of the Sun around Venus as a dance of Venus around the Sun. And it is precisely the slower step of Venus' dance around the Sun that we can observe quite comfortably on our own home computer. All we need is an astrophysical programme that can animate the movement of the planets of the Solar System. What comes out of such an animation is shown in the series of sketches below.

The first of these shows the starting positions of my planetary animation at that time (on 6 April 2002). The relatively immobile cosmic background is marked here by the ten grey coloured dots with the names of the stars, or groups of stars (Pleiades), which lie at a distance of between 8.7 light years (Sirius) and 1600 light years (Deneb) from us. For comparison, we should know that the light from the Sun takes only about 8 minutes to reach the Earth. In this relation, the cosmic background of our animation is indeed (almost) immobile. We start the animation of the planetary motion at any location on Earth and at any time. In my case, this was the sky over Berlin on 6 April 2002. The Sun is placed in the centre of the map. The names of the planets are clear: J -Jupiter, S -Saturn, M - Mars, V- Venus, m - Mercury. It is important that the interval of the animation is set exactly to one year. At the beginning of our animation, little Mercury was hiding behind the Sun. Above all, we diligently record all the positions of Venus year by year. We observe that over the next eighty years certain patterns build up in the planetary motion.

On the next sketch, after eighty years, we have plotted all eighty positions for Venus only. For the rest of the planets we have shown only some of the first positions. The rest of their positions are symbolised by the corresponding lines. Mercury passes through a closed ellipse several times during this period. It is even closer to the Sun than Earth and Venus, so we never see it far from the Sun. The remaining three planets visible to the naked eye, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, orbit further away than the Earth, so we only see the "open" parts of their orbits behind the Sun.

What interests us here is the distribution of Venus' positions. They are by no means scattered throughout the orbit. Rather, they are grouped in tens in eight sections of the orbit. We have labelled these sections on the following sketch in the order of their visit by Venus with the marks V1 to V8.

Why does the apparent orbit of Venus around the Sun divide into eight sections? The answer lies in the construction of the true orbit of the Earth around the Sun and Venus simultaneously (see after the Rosetta orbit of the Earth). The Earth (with us, the observers of the animation) actually takes eight years to return to the initial position of its orbit. In the intervening years, our true observing position is at seven different points in the solar system. Because of this, the apparent position of Venus (which in reality is stationary because it lies at the centre of the system's mass) slowly shifts. With each passing year, the centre of mass of the Sun's dark companion shifts by about four parts per thousand of its orbit (exactly one in 247.19). Thus, from our observation post on Earth, we see the apparent position of the centre of all mass in Venus also correspondingly shifted on our "egocentric" background of stars determined to the Earth year.

Let us run the animation for another eighty years. After these years, the mass of the Dark Companion has already left about two thirds of its orbit behind. The same applies to the apparent orbit of Venus around the Sun.

The mass of the Dark Companion ends its course around Venus in the following eighty-seven years and returns to the position from 2002, the initial year of our animation. In the same time Venus also returns to its initial position observed by us on Earth. After that, the dance of the two old "ladies", the Sun and Venus, goes on and on into the next revolution, as it has done for seven billion years.

These 247 images of Venus coming together year after year as individual "pearls" to form a "string of pearls" in the sky never fail to impress me. Such behaviour can probably not be explained by any other idea than that of the existence of the Dark Companion's mass. Animation used properly, as we have just seen, can tell an impressive story even without claiming any space probes. And it is certainly cheaper and more accessible to everyone.

One of the most important discoveries of Unified Science is the finding of the active role of primordial Mars in the formation of our great Moon. It seems quite obvious to me that not all of the ejecta mass from the collision of the rest of Proto-Mars with Proto-Earth was able to reassemble into the newly forming moon.

Some fragments of this mass must have remained. Therefore, my second observational (and computational) suggestion for astrophysics is to check which of the so-called Near-Earth asteroids we know today could be the remnants of this process of Moon formation.

In Wikipedia we can read: "The first of these unusual minor planets to be discovered, number 433, was the dumbbell-shaped Eros in 1898." Various sky search programmes have found several similar objects. I suspect many of them are the "little children" of the 3.5 billion year old collision. At least their orbits and density of mass (see Wikipedia: "Near-Earth asteroid" and "(433) Eros") are strong arguments in favour.

A space mission of NASA's Discovery class, named "Lucy", was successfully launched on 16 October 2021. It is the first mission ever to visit, observe and, where possible, study the cosmic objects of the Trojan class. This time it's the turn of Jupiter's Trojans.

However, the interior of the Solar System is much more densely "inhabited" than the upper diagram suggests. In the next 12 years, "Lucy" will visit one asteroid of the asteroid belt (marked white here below) and seven objects of the two Trojan groups ("Trojans"; in 2027, and "Greeks"; in 2033; marked green here below).

Although there are so many more objects in our Solar System besides planets and moons, in reality we still know very little about their origin and properties. For example, on the website of the DLR Institute of Planetary Research, we read about the "Lucy" mission: "Jupiter's Trojans are considered to be relatively unmodified, primitive objects that share many properties with those of comets. Despite much scientific interest, the nature of the Trojans is not yet fully understood. Nor is the process that led to their capture on the libration points understood. ... By studying the diversity of these objects, Lucy will help to clarify fundamental questions about the formation of the solar system: What was the original state of the Solar Nebula? How did the giant planets form? What are the sources of organic material?"

These are all very fundamental questions that have yet to be answered. And their answers are important to all of us because these "additional" members of the solar system have had, and continue to have, a significant impact not only on the Earth's global climate, but also on the course of our past and future evolution.

From the new findings of our Unified Science comes our next observational proposal for observational astrophysicists. From the Venus-centred structure of the Solar System (as shown here below):

the following assertion results. Also the Sun's "Dark Companion", the fragmented mass of the former Andrea-star, which still plays a decisive dynamical role in our Solar System, has 60 degrees in front of the current position of its mass and 60 degrees behind this position, as well as at the other Lagrange points (compare the diagram below),

collected thousands of small cosmic bodies on its orbit around the centre of mass of the entire Solar System (in Venus). Although they have been following the "Dark Companion" for several billion years, we did not know of their existence until 1992, when the first so-called "Trans-Neptunian Object" was discovered. By 2015, thousands more had been discovered (in the image below, the yellow dot represents our Sun, J stands for Jupiter, S for Saturn, U for Uranus, and N for Neptune; the scattered mass of the former Andrea-star is shown as a grey cloud).

Year after year, thousands more of these objects are found.

Unfortunately, traditional science still has no idea what they are there for. Only our discovery of the prehistory of the Proto-Sun and the Andrea-star gives meaning to the existence of Kuiper's Belt. Most of the objects in this belt must be recognised as the Trojans of the Sun's "Dark Companion" mass. One should also take the opportunity to check whether the centre of the Pluto-Charon pair does not lie in Lagrange point L1.